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Round Wood

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Terminology wood floor. Hardwood Floors, Fairfax Virginia
- Adhesive: A substance capable of holding materials together by surface attachment. It is a general term and includes cements, mucilage and paste and glue.
- Anisotropic: Exposing different properties when measured along different axes. In general, fibrous materials such as wood are anisotropic.
- Balanced Construction: A construction so that the forces induced by uniformly distributed changes in moisture content do not cause distortion. Symmetrical wooden building in which the grain direction of each layer is perpendicular to the layer is balanced construction.
- Bark pocket is an opening between annual growth rings that contains bark. Bark pockets appear as bands dark radial surfaces and as rounded areas on tangential surfaces.
- Manga: One element of the support structure for a load applied perpendicular to it.
- Birdseye: Small localized areas in wood with the fibers indented and otherwise contorted to form few to many circular or elliptical figures remotely resembling bird's eyes on the tangential surface. Sometimes found in sugar maple and used for decorative purposes, rare in other species of hardwood.
- Blister: An increase in the surface of an adherent, resembling in shape a blister on the human skin, its borders indefinitely follows, and can be broken and flattened. (A blister can be caused by insufficient adhesive, improper curing time, temperature or pressure, or trapped water or solvent vapors.)
- Board Foot: A unit of measurement represented by a wooden board 12 "long, 12 inches wide and 1 cm thick, or its cubic equivalent. In practice, the board foot Calculation wood 1 inch or more in thickness is based on its nominal thickness and width and the actual length. Wood with a nominal thickness of less than 1 inch is calculated as 1 inch
- Bond: (1) The union of materials by adhesive. (2) To join materials by means of an adhesive.
- Bond Strength: The unit of applied load in tension, compression, flexural, impact, peel, cleavage, or shear required to break an adhesive assembly with failure occurring in or near the plane of the bond.
- Bow: The distortion of lumber in which there is a deviation in a direction perpendicular to the flat side of a straight line from the one end of the piece.
- Box Beam: A beam built with solid wood flanges and plywood or web-based panel wood products.
- In case of the heart: The term used when the bone falls entirely within the four sides of a piece of wood anywhere in its length. Also box called the bone.
- Burl: (1) Following hard, woody plant a tree, more or less rounded in form, usually resulting in growth interlocking of a cluster of adventitious buds. These knots are the source of the highly figured burl veneers used for purely ornamental. (2) wood or veneer, a distortion severe localized grain generally rounded in outline, usually resulting from overgrowth of dead branch stubs, one to several centimeters (one half to several inches) in diameter, which often includes one or more groups of several small contiguous conical protuberances, each usually has a core or marrow, but not an appreciable amount of end grain tangential _en) that surrounds it.
- Cambium: A thin layer of tissue between bark and wood that is subdivided into several opportunities to form new wood and bark cells.
- Song: A log that has been slabbed on one or more sides. In general, applicants are intended to resaw at right angles to their widest sawn face. The term is used freely. (See Flitch)
- Cementation: a condition of stress and put in dry wood is characterized by compressive stress in the outer layers and tensile stress at the center or core.
- Cell: A term general anatomical units of plant tissue, including wood fibers, vessel members, and other elements of diverse structure and function.
- Cellulose: The carbohydrate component is the principle of wood and provides a framework of wood cells.
- Tickets: A separation along the wood normally extends through the annual growth rings, commonly the result of stresses set up in wood during drying.
- Cohesion The state in which the components of a mass of material held together by chemical and physical forces.
- The lack of understanding: The deformation of the fibers Wood as a result of excessive compression along the grain, either live or final compression bending. It can grow in standing trees due to bending by wind or snow or longitudinal internal stresses developed in growth, or may result from the stresses imposed by the tree is cut. In wood surface, faults compression may appear as fine wrinkles on the face of the piece.
- Corbel: A projection of facing a wall or column supporting a weight.
- Crook: The distortion of lumber in which there is a deviation in a direction perpendicular to the edge of a straight line from one end of the piece.
- Decay: The decomposition of wood substance by fungi.
Advanced (Typical) Decay: The older stage of decay in which destruction is easily recognized because the wood has become punky, soft and spongy, fibrous, ringshaked, pitted or crumbly. Decided discoloration or bleaching of wood rotten is often apparent. - Brown Rot: In wood, any deterioration in the attack focuses on the cellulose and associated carbohydrates rather than the lignin, producing a light to Dark Brown friable residue – hence loosely termed "dry rot." An advanced stage, where the wood splits along rectangular planes, contraction, called the "cubical rot."
- Dry Rot: A term loosely applied to any dry, crumbly, but the putrefaction especially that which, when in an advanced stage, permits the wood to be crushed easily to a dry powder. The term is actually a misnomer suitable for any damage, since all fungi require considerable moisture for growth.
- Incipient disintegration: The initial phase of decomposition has not advanced far enough to soften or significantly impair the hardness of the wood. Usually accompanied by a slight discoloration or bleaching.
- Heart Rot: Any feature limits for the heartwood rot. It usually originates in the living tree.
- Pocket Rot: advanced caries appears in the form of a hole or pocket, usually surrounded by apparently sound wood.
- Soft Rot: A special type of decline in development in very wet (as in cooling towers and boat timbers) in the outer layers of wood, caused by the destruction of cellulose microfungi that attack the cell wall secondary and not the intercellular layer.
- White Rot: In wood, any deterioration or putrefaction attacking both the cellulose and lignin, producing a white residue that can usually be spongy or stringy rot, or if as pocket rot.
- Delamination: The separation of the layers of laminated wood or plywood because of failure of the adhesive, either within the adhesive itself or at the interface between the adhesive and the adherend.
- Density: Generally applies to the wood of the normal cellular form, density is the mass per unit volume of wood substance enclosed within the boundary of a wood surface, the more complex-empty. It is variously expressed in pounds per cubic foot, kilograms per cubic meter, or grams per cubic centimeter at a specified moisture content.
- Dew Point: The temperature at which a vapor begins to deposit in liquid form. This applies especially to water in the atmosphere.
- In early wood: The portion of the ring growth that is formed during the first part of the growing season. Usually less dense and weaker mechanically than latewood. Also known as Springwood.
- Equilibrium Moisture Content: Moisture content of wood in which neither gains nor loses moisture when surrounded by air at a given relative humidity and temperature.
- Fiber saturation point: The stage in drying or wetting wood at which cell walls are saturated and the cell cavities free water. It applies to a cell or group of cells, not all boards. It is usually taken as approximately 30% moisture based on oven-dry weight.
- Figure: The pattern produced in a wood surface by annual growth rings, rays, knots, deviations from regular grain such as interlocked and wavy grain, and irregular coloration.
- Filling: In woodworking, any substance used to fill gaps and irregularities in planed or sanded surfaces to decrease the porosity of the surface before applying finish coatings. As applied to adhesives, a relatively non-adhesive substance add an adhesive to improve its working properties, strength, or other qualities.
- Finish (Finish): (1) Wood products such as doors, stairs and other work required to complete either a building's entire interior. (2) coats of paint, varnish, lacquer, wax, or any other similar happened the wood surfaces to protect and enhance their durability or appearance.
- Cola: In the beginning, a hard gelatin comes from skins, tendons, cartilage, bones, etc, of animals. In addition, an adhesive prepared from this substance in hot water. Through the general use of the term is now synonymous with the term "Gang."
- Quality: The description of the quality of a piece of wood or manufactured logs.
- Grain: The direction, size, According appearance, or quality of the wood fibers or wood. To have a specific meaning of the term must be qualified.
- Fine-grained (fine grain) of wood: Wood with narrow rings, Discrete annual. The term is sometimes used to designate wood with small and closely spaced pores, but in this sense, the term "Fine textured" is used more frequently.
- Coarse-grained wood: Wood with wide annual rings visible in which there is considerable difference between earlywood and latewood. The term is sometimes used to designate wood with large pores, such as oak, keruing, meranti, and walnut, but in this sense, the term "open-grain" is used more frequently.
- Cross-grained wood: The wood in which the fibers deviate from a parallel line on the sides of the piece. Cross grain may be diagonal or spiral grain or a combination of both.
- Curly grain of wood: The wood in which the fibers are so distorted that look rough, like the "bird" of wood. The areas showing curly grain may vary up to several inches in diameter.
- Diagonal wood grain: Wood, in which the annual rings at an angle to the axis of a part as a result of cutting at an angle with the bark or trunk. One form of cross grain.
- Wood grain boundary: Wood that has been cut so that the wide surfaces extend approximately at right angles to the rings annual growth. Wood is considered the grain boundary when it rings form an angle of 45 ° to 90 ° to the surface of the piece range.
- End grain wood: The grain as seen in a cut made at right angles to the direction of the fibers (for example, in a cross section of a tree).
- Fiddleback wood grain: the figure produced by a fine wavy grain type include, for example, in species such as maple, the wood traditionally used for the backs of violins.
- Flat beans (cut flat) Wood: Wood has been sawn parallel to the pith and approximately tangent to the growth rings. The wood is considered flat grained when the annual growth rings form an angle of less than 45 ° to the surface of the piece.
- Interlocking wood grain: grain in which fibers was for many years may slope in a deft direction, and after several years the slope in one direction is reversed left-handed, and later changes a step back to the right, and so on. Such wood is very difficult to split radially, but tangentially can split quite easily.
- Open wood grain: Common classification for woods with large pores such as oak, keruing, meranti, and walnut. Also known as "coarse texture."
- Plainsawn Wood: Another term for flat-grained wood.
- Quartersawn Wood: Another term for edge grain lumber.
- Side grain Wood: Another term for flat-grained wood.
- Wood grain Slash: Another term for exercise flat grain.
- Wood Spiral grain: The timber in which the fibers take a spiral course about the trunk of a tree instead of the normal vertical course. The spiral may extend in the direction of left and right handed in all the tree trunk. Spiral grain is a form of cross grain.
- Straight-grained wood: The wood in which the fibers are parallel to the axis of a piece.
- Vertical Wood Grain: Another term for edge grain lumber.
- Wavy grain of wood: The wood in which the fibers collectively in waves or wave.
- Green: Just sawn or undried wood. The wood has become completely wet after immersion in water would not be considered green but can be said to be in the condition "green."
- Growth Ring: The layer of wood growth put on a tree during a season growth. In the temperate zone, the growth rings of many species (eg oaks and pines) are easily distinguished because of differences in the cells formed during the early and late season. In some temperate species (black gum and sweet gum) and many tropical species, are the growth rings not easily recognized annually.
- Hardness: A property of wood that allows it to resist indentation.
- Hardwoods: Usually one of the groups botanical trees that have vessels or pores and broad leaves, in contrast to the conifers or softwoods. The term does not refer to the actual hardness of wood.
- Heartwood: The wood extending from the pith to the sapwood, the cells no longer participate in the life processes of the tree. The heartwood can contain phenolic compounds, gums, resins and other materials that usually do the darker and more decay resistant than sapwood.
- Isotropic: Exposing the same properties in all directions.
- Mixed: The union of two pieces of wood or metal.
- Adhesive Joint: The place where you do two adherends together with a layer of adhesive.
- Butt Joint: A final set formed by the ends adjacent to the square of two parts.
- Edge Joint: A joint mission by the binding edge two pieces of wood together to edge, commonly by gluing. The joints may be made by gluing two squared edges as in a plain edge joint or by using joint machining of different types, such as the joints of tongue-and-grooved.
- Common purpose: To make the joining together two pieces of wood together to end usually at the end of play.
- Finger Joint: A final set consists of several pieces of mesh or fingers of wood bonded together with adhesive. The fingers are inclined and may be cut parallel to the face either broad or narrow the piece.
- Beam: One of a series of parallel beams used to support floor and roof loads and supported in turn by larger beams, girders or walls.
- Oven: A chamber having controlled air flow, temperature and relative humidity for drying wood. The temperature increases as drying progresses and the relative humidity decreases.
- Node: The part of a branch or a limb has been surrounded by subsequent growth of the mother. The shape of the knot as it appears on a cut surface depends on the angle of the cut in relation to the longitudinal axis of the knot.
- Encased Knot: A knot whose annual growth rings are not homegrown things with wood in the vicinity.
- Inter-grown Knot: A knot whose rings of annual growth are completely grown up with the surrounding wood.
- Loose knot: A knot that is not held firmly in place by growth or position and that can not be invoked to stay in place.
- Pin Knot: A knot that is only 12 mm (1 / 2 inches) in diameter.
- Sound Knot: A knot that is solid through its face, at least as hard as the surrounding wood and shows no signs of decline.
- Spike Knot: A knot cut approximately parallel longitudinal axis so that the exposed section is definitely elongated.
- Laminate: A product made by the union of two or more layers (plies) material or materials.
Laminated Timber: An assembly made by bonding layers of veneer or wood with an adhesive so that the grain of all layers is essentially parallel. - Latewood: Part of the growth ring that is formed after the earlywood formation has ceased. In general, denser and stronger the earlywood. (Also known as wood in summer.)
- Wood: Product of the saw and planning mill for the manufacturing sector is limited along sawing, resaw, through a standard planning machine, transverse to the length and consistency. Wood can be made from softwood or hardwood. (See also Wood: Dimension.)
- Tip: Wood that is less than 38 mm standard (2-inch nominal) thick and over 38 standard mm (nominal 2 inches) wide. Boards of less than 140 mm standard (nominal 6 inches) wide are sometimes called bands.
- Dimension: Wood with a standard thickness of 38 mm (2 in. nominal) up to but not including standard 114 mm (2 inches nominal).
- Dress Size: The dimensions of timber after it was covered with a planning machine. The dressed size is usually ½ to ¾ inch below the nominal or rough size. A 2-for-4 " amount, for example, actually measures about 1 ½ by 3 ½ inches (standard 38-by-89 mm).
- Factory and shop lumber: Wood intended cut for use in manufacturing. It is classified in the percentage of the area that will produce a limited number of cuts of a specified minimum size and quality.
- Matched Lumber: Lumber that is edge dressed and shaped to make a tight junction-tongued and grooved on the edges or ends when laid edge to edge or end to end.
- Nominal Size: As applied to wood or wood, the size of what is known and sold in the market (often different from the size real).
- Pattern Wood: Wood that has the shape of a pattern or molded form in addition to being dressed, matched, or shiplapped, or any combination of this work.
- Raw wood: Wood that has not been dressed (surface), but has been cut, edged and trimmed.
- Planed Wood: Wood is dressed by running through a brush.
- Timber: Wood is standard 114 mm (nominal 5 in.) or more in at least dimension. Lumber can be used as beams, joists, posts, caps, frames, beams or straps.
- Filler: A material with adhesive properties, is usually used in sections relatively thick that can be easily applied by extrusion, trowel, or spatula. (See Adhesive.)
- Carpentry: Planed and wood designs for finishing work in the building, including items such as sheet, doors, cornices, coffered ceilings, and other ornaments for indoors or outdoors. Not include floor, ceiling or lining.
- Mineral Streak: A discoloration olive to greenish-black or brown of undetermined cause in hardwoods.
- Moisture Content: The amount of water contained in wood, usually expressed as a percentage of the ovendry weight of wood.
- Molding: A wood strip with a curve or projecting surface used for decorative purposes.
- Mortise: A slot cut into a table, table, or wood to form a joint.
- Naval Stores: A term applied to oils, resins, tars, and pitches derived from oleoresin contained in exudates by or extracted from trees, mainly pine species (genus Pinus). Historically, these are important items in the stores of wood sailing vessels.
- Old growth: Timber in or from mature forest, naturally established. When the trees have grown during most if not all of their individual lives in active competition with his fellow sunlight and moisture, this timber is usually straight and relatively free of knots.
- Ovendry Wood: Wood is dried to a relatively constant weight in a ventilated oven at 102 ° C to 105 ° C (215 ° F to 220 ° F).
- Radial short cells with simple pits and operation mainly in the metabolism and storage of food materials from the plant. They remain alive more than tracheids, fibers and vessel elements, sometimes for many years. There are two types of parenchyma The cells are recognized – the vertical lines, known more specifically as axial parenchyma, and the horizontal series of lightning, and known as parenchyma radial.
- Battery: A long, heavy wood, round or square, which is deeply sunk into the ground to provide a secure base for construction in the soft and moist, or submerged sites (eg, piers, or bridge abutments).
- Pocket size: An opening extending parallel to the rings annual growth, containing, or that has contained, pitch, either solid or liquid.
- Striped Pitch: a well-defined accumulation of pitch in a run of more or less regular in the wood of certain conifers.
- Bone: Small occurring, soft base near the center of a tree trunk, branches, twigs, or trunk.
- Plank: A board width, thickness established with its large horizontal dimensions and used as a bearing surface.
- Plywood: A glued wood panel made up of relatively thin layers of veneer with the grain of adjacent layers at right angles, or in combination with the sheet with a wooden core, or reconstituted wood. The usual constructions have an odd number of layers.
- Psychrometer: An instrument for measuring the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere. It has somewhat dry bulb and wet bulb thermometer. The bulb of the wet bulb thermometer is kept moist and therefore is cooled by evaporation at a temperature lower than shown by the dry bulb thermometer. Because evaporation is greater in dry air, the difference between the two readings of the thermometer will greater when the air is dry when wet.
- Radial: Coincident with a radius from the axis of the tree or log to the circumference. A section radial is a longitudinal section in a plane that passes through the center line of the tree trunk.
- Raised Grain: A rough surface condition dressed timber in which the hard latewood raised above the softer wood early, but it is not apparent.
- Ray, Wood: Strips of cells extending radially in a tree and varying in height from a few cells of some species to 4 or more inches in oak. The rays serve primarily food storage and transport in a horizontal position in the tree. Quartersawn oak, the rays form a visible figure, sometimes called spots.
- Humidity Relative relationship between the amount of water vapor in the air so that air is maintained in saturation at the same temperature. It is generally considered on the basis of weight steam, but, for accuracy, should be considered on the basis of vapor pressures.
- Resin: (a) solid, semisolid or solid resin pseudo – An organic material that has a tendency to flow when subjected to stress, usually has a softening or melting range, and usually fractures Concho entertainment. (2) liquid resin – A liquid organic polymer which, when converted to its final state for use, becomes a resin.
- Resin ducts: Intercellular passages that contain and transmit resinous materials. In a cutting surface are usually inconspicuous. They may extend vertically parallel the shaft axis or at right angles to the axis and parallel to the rays.
- Ring error: The separation of the wood during drying, occur along the vein and parallel to the growth rings. (See Shake.)
- Ring-porous Woods: A group of hardwoods in which the pores are relatively large at the beginning of each annual ring and decrease in size more or less abruptly toward the outside of the ring, forming a separate area inside the pores, known as wood early, and an outer zone with smaller pores, known as the latewood.
- Rip: To cut lengthwise parallel to the grain.
- Sapwood: Wood pale color near the outside of the trunk. In most conditions the sapwood is more susceptible to decay than the heartwood.
- Saw Cut: (1) grooves or notches made in cutting with a saw. (2) The part of a trunk, wood, or other piece of wood removed by the saw in the starting material into two pieces.
- Seasoning: Removing moisture from green wood to improve its service.
- Air dry: dry by exposure to air in a yard or shed, without artificial heat.
- Kiln dried: dried in an oven with the use of artificial heat.
- Second growth: wood that has grown after removal, either by cutting, fire, wind, or other agency of the whole or a substantial part of the position.
- Shake: A separation along the grain, most of which occurs between annual growth rings. Usually considered to have occurred in the standing tree or during felling.
- Softwoods: Generally, one of the botanical groups of trees that have no vessels and in most cases, have leaves like needles or scale, conifers, also the wood produced by trees. The term does not refer to the actual hardness of wood.
- Coloration: discolouration wood that can be caused by these organisms as diverse as micro-organisms, metals, or chemicals. The term also applies to materials used for give color to the wood.
- Strength: (1) The ability of a member to sustain stress without failure. (2) a specific test mode, the maximum stress sustained by a member loaded to failure.
- Raito Force: The hypothesized relationship of the strength of a structural element, it would be if not having the characteristics reduction of force "(such as knots, slope of grain, shake).
- Structural Timber: Wood Cuts relatively large size, strength or stiffness of which is the element of control in their selection and use. Examples of structural timbers are trestle beams (stringers, caps, posts, beams, bracing, bridge ties, guardrails), timber car (car frame, not the top frame, car frames), the preparation for building (posts, beams, beams), the wooden ship (wood ship, decks of ships), and his arms crossed poles.
- Substrate: A surface material on which diffuses containing an adhesive substance for any purpose, such as bonding or coating.
- Tack: The property of an adhesive that lets you form a bond of measurable strength immediately after adhesive and adherent are brought into contact under low pressure.
- Texture: A term often used interchangeably with grain. Sometimes is used to combine the concepts of density and degree of contrast between earlywood and latewood. In this manual, texture refers to the fine structure of wood (See grain) instead of the annual rings.
- Wood, Round Wood used in the original round shape, such as poles, piles, poles and beams in mines.
- Wood, Standing: Wood still on the stump.
- Trim: The finish materials in a building, such as moldings, applied around openings (windows, door trim strips) or on the floor and the ceiling of Room (plinths, cornices, etc.).
- Twist: A distortion caused by the turning or winding up of the edges of a board so that the four corners of any face are no longer in the same plane.
- Vapor retarder: A material high resistance to vapor movement, such as paper, plastic film or specially coated paper that is used in combination with insulation to control condensation.
- Veneer: A thin layer or sheet of wood.
Rotary-Cut Veneer: Veneer cut in a lathe which rotates a log or bolt, lying in the center, front a knife. - Sawing: sheet produced by sawing.
- Cut sheet: sheet that is cut from a log, bolt, or touching with a knife.
- Virgin growth: growth of mature trees in the original forests.
- Fade: Bark or lack of wood from any cause at the edge or corner one piece except for the edges of relief.
- Warp: Any variation from the truth or flat surface. Warp includes bow, thief, cup and twist, or any combination thereof.
- Water repellent: a liquid that penetrates wood which retards changes in moisture content and dimensions of dry wood without adversely altering desirable properties.
- Water repellent conservation: A water repellent that contains a preservative that, after application to wood and drying serves the dual purpose of providing resistance to attack by fungi or insects and also retards changes in moisture content.
- Aging: The mechanic or chemical disintegration and discoloration of the surface of the wood caused by exposure to light, the action of dust and sand carried by the wind, and the alternate contraction and expansion of the area fibers with continual variation in moisture content brought by changes in climate. Aging does not include the decline.
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About the Author
Madera Floors is a state of the art wood floor company which serves all of Northern Virginia, Maryland and D.C. We are growing to encompass a staff of highly trained craftsmen who execute each job skillfully and meticulously.
What is the best tool to cut the corners round or semi circles with the wood?
I'm new at this woodworking but I'll give it a shot. My main concern is cutting the final round or circular edges. I heard of a knife or keyhole saw, but is there anything better? So does the painting only wood or finish you have to put first? All comments will help all thanks.
not quite sure what you are asking, to round square corners of a flat piece of wood, looking down at him – jigsaw, sander or real and substantial edge router or sanding wood paint up indoors or outdoors good practice to paint the then prime first, the most important foreign to prime, not so much inside, priming does not help to help maintain. layer below, KILZ primer or similar, water-based
