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Golden Shadow
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Swarovski Crystal BICONES 6MM “Golden Shadow ” (30) $6.95 |
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1 Swarovski 6670 18mm Crystal Golden Shadow Pendant $1.25 |
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12 Swarovski 5754 6mm Butterfly Crystal Golden Shadow $0.06 |
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6 Pcs Swarovski 5601 6mm Cube Crystal GOLDEN SHADOW $0.11 |
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6 Swarovski Crystal 8mm 5714 Star Beads Golden Shadow $2.78 |
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Golden Shadow Swarovski pendant fine chain necklace Bead Kit all incl w instruct $19.95 |
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12 Swarovski 5601 4mm Cube Crystal Bead GOLDEN SHADOW $3.25 |
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Genuine Swarovski Crystal Bead – 10mm Round – Crystal Golden Shadow $1.25 |
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Genuine Swarovski Crystal Bead – 12x11mm Cosmic – Crystal Golden Shadow $1.25 |
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Genuine Swarovski Crystal Bead – 12x11mm Cosmic $1.85 |
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Genuine Swarovski Crystal Bead – 11x10mm Flat Briolette $1.25 |
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Genuine Swarovski Crystal Bead – 15x14mm Flat Briolette $2.00 |
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200 pcs Swarovski 5328 3mm Bicone Crystal Golden Shadow $9.99 |
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4 Golden Shadow Swarovski Beads Round 5000 10mm $3.30 |
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2 Swarovski 19mm Crystal Golden Shadow Galactic Bead $8.99 |
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6mm 5301 Bicone 72pcs Austria Crystal Bead Charms Loose Beads Supplies Lots $5.99 |
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12 Swarovski 5742 Heart Bead 8mm Crystal Golden Shadow $7.50 |
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12 Swarovski 5742 Heart Bead 10mm Crystal Golden Shadow $11.00 |
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1 Swarovski 6039 25mm Crystal Golden Shadow Fancy Stone $9.20 |
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Swarovski Crystal 6262 26mm Miss U Heart Golden Shadow $12.40 |
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Swarovski Crystal 6262 26mm Miss U Heart Golden Shadow $24.00 |
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4 Swarovski 5742 Heart Beads 14mm Crystal Golden Shadow $10.00 |
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2 Swarovski 4437 14mm Crystal Golden Shadow Cosmic Sq $10.20 |
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6 Swarovski Crystal 8mm 5714 Star Beads Golden Shadow $0.01 |
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2 Swarovski 6090 Baroque 16mm Crystal Golden Shadow $0.01 |
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2 pcs 16mm 6722 Moon Swarovski Pendant Bead Golden Shadow $0.15 |
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8 Swarovski 5000 8mm Ball Bead Crystal Golden Shadow $0.01 |
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10 Golden Shadow Swarovski Crystal Beads Round 5000 6mm $3.55 |
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200 pcs Swarovski 5328 3mm Bicone Crystal Golden Shadow $9.99 |
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6 Golden Shadow Swarovski Crystals Hearts 6202 10mm $3.25 |
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4pcs Swarovski 5603 10mm Beads Crystal Golden Shadow $10.60 |
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Swarovski 59000C Yarn CRYSTAL GOLDEN SHADOW 1 Foot $1.94 |
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Swarovski 59000C Yarn CRYSTAL GOLDEN SHADOW 3 Feet $5.81 |
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200 pcs Swarovski 5328 3mm Bicone Crystal Golden Shadow $9.99 |
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Golden Shadow champagne swarovski crystal briolette drop earrings french earwire $13.00 |
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50 SWAROVSKI 4mm CRYSTAL GOLDEN SHADOW Bicone Beads $4.50 |
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60 SWAROVSKI HOTFIX Crystals SS16 Crystal Golden Shadow $9.72 |
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12 Swarovski 4mm 5000 Round Bead Crystal Golden Shadow SW-1082 $2.65 |
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2 Swarovski 6202 Heart 18mm Crystal Bead Golden Shadow $5.40 |
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2 pcs Swarovski 5020 Helix 12mm Crystal Beads GOLDEN SHADOW $4.30 |
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12 pcs Swarovski 5020 Helix 6mm Crystal Beads GOLDEN SHADOW $5.00 |
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200 pcs Swarovski 5328 3mm Bicone Crystal Golden Shadow $9.99 |
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3 4mm Swarovski 5601 Crystal Beads: Golden Shadow B $1.48 |
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2 Swarovski Crystal 4137 Cosmic Oval Golden Shadow 15mm $8.00 |
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200 pcs Swarovski 5328 3mm Bicone Crystal Golden Shadow $9.99 |
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200 pcs Swarovski 5328 3mm Bicone Crystal Golden Shadow $9.99 |
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36 SWAROVSKI HOTFIX Crystals SS20 Crystal Golden Shadow $8.26 |
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10 SWAROVSKI HOTFIX Crystals SS34 Crystal Golden Shadow $7.78 |
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Swarovski Crystal 6621 TWIST Pendant 28mm Golden Shadow $7.20 |
GOA-IN THE SHADOWS OF ITS COLONIAL LEGACY
GOA-IN THE SHADOWS OF ITS COLONIAL LEGACY
By Sanjai Velayudhan
Introduction:
Located on the west coast in the Konkan region, Goa is the smallest state of India. It is bordered by the state of Maharashtra, north Karnataka and south and east, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast. Goa was the first part of India that was colonized by Europeans and also the last to be liberated and is best known in the world as the former Portuguese enclave on Indian soil. In the past was known as Govapuri, Gomant or Aprant. The Arab sailors knew it as Sindabur or Sandabur, and the Portuguese as Goa. During the occupation of the Portuguese who acquired the epithets of the "Rome of Asia" and "Pearl of the Orient." About 77 miles (125 km) off the coast of Goa is dotted with beaches line. These beaches are divided into North Goa and South Goa beaches. Not surprisingly, it was also called the "Goa Dourada sands" or "Golden Goa.
Although world renowned for its beaches clean and safe and raves, also has a pedigree historic monuments marked by World Heritage, home of ancient worship, like temples, churches etc. With many tourists visit both domestic and international, on especially for the beach party and tourism, many take the time to check their cultural attractions and historical. It is this combination of entertainment and culture that gives Goa its unique identity.
A little history:
Although perceptionally glory of Goa has been associated with the Portuguese occupation, the greatness is earlier than the colonizers. The kings and other rulers of a series of dynasties of India has made this bright little gem with royal pomp. In ancient literature, Goa was known by many names like Gomanta, Gomanchala, Gopakapattam, Gopakapuri, Govapuri, govern and Gomantak. The Indian Mahabharata refers to the area now known as Goa, as Goparashtra or Govarashtra which means a nation of herders. Gopakapattanam Gopakapuri or were used in some ancient Sanskrit texts, and their names were also mentioned in other holy books such as Hindus and the Skanda Purana Harivansa. In the latter, Goa is also known as Gomanchala. Parashurambhoomi is a name that the region referred to in certain inscriptions and texts such as the Puranas. In the third century C., was known Aparantha as Goa, and is mentioned by Greek geographer Ptolemy. The Greeks referred to as Nelkinda or Nelcynda Goa in the 13th century. Some other historic names are Sindapur Goa, Sandabur and Mahassapatam.
This first land reclamation in the region was by the Saraswat Brahmins. This incident also provides the basis for a theory very Goa popular source. This community was called because Saraswats its origins have been associated with the river Saraswati, a mythical river that was predominantly in the minds of the people of India from the Vedic era. According to legend, the river Saraswati dried subsequently causing a large-scale migration of this group of Brahmins to all corners of India. A group of ninety-six families, known today as Saraswats Gaud, settled in the Konkan coast in and around contemporary Goa somewhere around 1000 BC. According to Hindu legend very common in southern India, Parasurama (the warrior-ing and an incarnation the god Vishnu) threw his ax into the sea and the Sea God ordered to retreat to the point where the ax fell. The new piece of land thus recovered was to be known as "Konkan" which means "piece of earth" or "corner of the earth" (Kona (corner) + kana (part)). This was done for the settlement of those displaced. Saraswat Brahmins settled on three islands in the estuary of the Zuari and Mandovi rivers. The Mahabharata refers to Goa as Gomanta Kingdom or Goparashtra, "A nation of pastoral or nomadic tribes." Brahmanas were mainly pastoral people and their most precious possession was cows.
Goa's history dates back to the third century C., when it was part of the Maurya Empire, ruled by Emperor Ashoka famous. He is famous for its eschewal of violence and the conversion to Buddhism after witnessing the bloodshed in the battle of Kalinga (now the modern state of Orissa) in 261 BC.
The region ruled by dynasties ancient Hindu Satavahanas, Yadavas, Chalukyas of Badami, Rashtrakutas, and etc. These rulers sponsored Kadambas Buddhism, Brahmanism and Jainism, etc Kadambas He is credited with building the first settlement on the site of Old Goa, in the middle of the 11th century. The Kadambas ruled Goa for two and a half centuries until its conquest by Mahmud Gavan on behalf of his master Bahmani.
In the thirteenth century, the region came under the influence of the Sultanate of Delhi. The Sultanate of Delhi took place in Delhi and in the northern region of India and hence its political control over Goa was not strong enough. It may be apt to say that the mandate was abducted by the Hindu rulers of Vijayanagara empire and the rule was restored in Goa. Vijayanagara rulers held their influence on Goa for nearly 100 years, during which its ports were important landing places for Arabian horses expanded. The mighty Vijayanagara Empire was brought to his heels after being attacked by a Muslim confederation. His defeat at the Battle of Talikota resulted in total destruction and division of wealth among the victors. Goa became part of the Sultans Bahmani of Gulbarga. In 1492, the Bahmani kingdom itself divided into five kingdoms, namely Bidar, Berar, Ahmednagar, Golconda and Bijapur. One of the kingdoms namely Bijapur (which was the capital the area) included Goa and was ruled by Sultan Yusuf Adil Shah Khan.
The Portuguese:
The territory of Goa moves from the Muslim rulers in the hands of the Portuguese in 1510 led by Albuquerque. Constantly struggle for an occupied territory, Goa was always appreciated because of its ports and active trade. It seems that the Portuguese had a hold on it longer than other colonists. Ironically, it was the Portuguese who gave his Goa name. Before they arrived on the scene, Goa, or Gove or Gowapura, was the only name of the port city near the mouth of the river Mandovi. This was also the same site on which the Portuguese later built his capital, now known as Old Goa Velha Goa classically.
The beginning of political transformation Goa began when the Portuguese explorer Basque da Gama landed in Calicut, Kerala in the present in 1498. This discovery and the creation of a new sea route to India via the Cape of Good Hope gave a boost to the Portuguese who wanted very much to exploit it for their benefit and profit from it. As a result of the discovery of sea route to India by da Gama, Goa and communications between Europe and other cities in India began to grow. The merchandise Basque da Gama took the return trip brought him sixty times the purchase price, after deducting the cost of travel. This lucrative trade was conquered by the Moors by the Portuguese. However, when trade compulsions won over political myopia, exports of Goa and had expanded to include black pepper, cinnamon, cardamom, Gujarati and Bengali material, Chinese furniture, wax, ginger and cloves. These were imported into Goa from other sources in the country and re-export. Imports from Portugal included wool and linen items food, alcoholic beverages and arms and ammunition. Moreover, its control of the seas and especially the lucrative spice trade into a highly coveted prize by the powers colonial rivals.
The prosperity of Portugal and its operators can be assured only by the establishment of a permanent trading post. The inability of the Portuguese to do that along the Malabar coast (controlled by the powerful Zamorin of Calicut) in India has led them to try their luck to the north along the coast. In 1510, Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque attacked Goa at the behest of the local chief Thimayya. In 1510 under the command of Alfonso de Albuquerque who laid siege to Goa, then under Sultan Adil Shah of Bijapur. On February 17 he entered the city of Goa for the first time and found little resistance as the Sultan was committed to its forces in elsewhere. Sultan Adil Shah soon came after him with a vengeance and the May 23, 1510 Alfonso de Albuquerque had to flee the city of Goa. Determined to win for good Alfonso de Albuquerque made another attempt a month later. This time, the time might not have been more than perfect. Sultan Adil Shah had just died and the heir to the throne was a child Ismail Adil Shah. Goa This was won by Albuquerque, because he was in the right place at the right time.
The Portuguese established a permanent base in Goa in an effort to control the spice trade is now known as Velha Goa or Old Goa. The former Secretariat building in Panaji is a former Adil Shahi palace, later by the viceroys Portuguese as their official residence. This was a symbol of the transfer of power. The territories of Ilhas, Salcette, Mormugao and Bardez formed part of "la Conquesta Portugal Velhas "or old conquests, and was only a fifth of the total area of modern Goa. By this time, Goa became the jewel of the eastern empire Portugal. Goods from all over the East was in the bazaar, and the streets were removed from the separate sale of the different classes of property of pearls and coral-Bahrain Chinese Porcelain and silk, velvet and Portuguese piece goods, drugs and spices of the Malay Archipelago.
Goa has also become the basis for Albuquerque's conquest of Malacca (1511) and Hormuz (1515). Albuquerque intended it to be a colony and a naval base, unlike fortified factories established in some ports of India. Goa was the capital of the Viceroyalty Portuguese Asia, and other Portuguese possessions in India, Malaya and other bases in Indonesia, East Timor, the Persian Gulf Macau in China and Japan Trade bases were under the sovereignty of its Viceroy. In the mid-16th century, the area under occupation had expanded to most the current limits.
In 1843 the capital was moved to Panjim in Goa Velha. After India's independence from the British in 1947, Portugal refused to negotiate with India on the transfer of sovereignty from their enclaves in India. On December 12, 1961, the Indian army began Operation Vijay resulting the annexation of Goa, Daman and Diu in the Indian Union. Goa along with Daman and Diu became a centrally administered Union Territory of India. On May 30 1987, the Union Territory was split, and Goa was made the twenty-fifth state of India, Daman and Diu remaining Union Territories.
The architecture of Goa is a combination of Indian, Mughal and Portuguese styles. Since the Portuguese ruled for four centuries, many churches and houses have an element striking architecture typically Fantastic Italian Renaissance-inspired architectural details of churches and circled the city skyline. The influence Portuguese and the local strains have also created a cultural mix that is different from the rest of India. Western and regional cultural mix has resulted in a unique blend of different religions and cultures in the state. The music and dance festival Shigmo Mel means unity in diversity. Shigmo addition, festivals such as Ganesh Chaturthi (Chavoth-Konkani) Diwali, Christmas, Easter, Padva Samsar, and Carnival are also held in the village of Goa. Goa is also known for their celebrations New Year. The carnival of Goa is known for attracting large numbers of tourists. As a legacy of its colonial history unusual Goa has also inherited a mixture of languages. Still Portuguese is spoken as a second language by an Goans few, but gradually disappearing. Konkani is now accepted as the official state language and Marathi is also taught as an ordinary matter. Finally, Goa is much more than beaches. A tourist should really explore its history, and enjoy-shaken but stirred!
© Sanjai velayudhan
The author would like their answers, both brickbats and bouquets. for him, writing sanjai.velayudhan @ gmail.com.
About the Author
A behavioural trainer by education and a loyalty specialist by profession, Sanjai has PG qualifications in Training and Performance management from CLMS, University of Leicester.
Sanjai is a compulsive writer and has recently chosen articlebase to put his thoughts together. He also writes papers on loyalty programmes and the psychology behind it. To read some his papers, please visit:
http://www.itcinfotech.com/Loyalty-Solutions/Home.html.
Watch his talk-www.24framesdigital.com/winningedge/260608 or simply google him “sanjai velayudhan”
He is currently working on many articles for exclusive publication on artclebase.
Can you explain: I ususally see my shadow in the sun has colored edges.?
As I walked back toward the sun, I could see my shaow has an edge gold on the left and blue on the right. At the same time, a girl came to my face to the sun. And I saw that his shadow has a blue border on the left and a gold rim on the right. I asked my friends if they saw as the edges of your shadow color, and they said they did not see anything. Can any of you explain? By the way, I wear glasses. I do not know if the problem because my sister has one but she sees nothing.
Sounds like a diffraction effect. Diffraction is what allows the light to bend around the corners a bit. Light of shorter wavelengths (blue) are diffracted more. Should see some numbers to see if the magnitude of the effect would be noticeable in his shadow. I kind of doubt since I've never seen that before. I found an explanation of diffraction on the edge of the shadows, but does not mention anything about the colors. All waves are subject to diffraction when they encounter an obstacle in his path. Note the shadow of a flagpole cast by the Sun on the ground. Since the distance from the dark area the shadow gives the impression that light travels in a straight line from the Sun was blocked by the pole. But careful observation of the shadow edge reveals that the change from darkness the light is not abrupt. Instead, there is a gray area along the shore that is created by light was "bent" or diffracted to the side of the post.
